![]() Since the 1950s, researchers have been trying to develop an effective artificial diet for rearing ladybug, it was still difficult that can reproduce these insects at a large scale. Therefore, the availability of artificial diets is crucial for successful mass rearing of C. septempunctata is reared mainly using aphids as food, but this method is costly and time-consuming because it requires mass rearing of both aphids and C. septempunctata in the field to control pests effectively, it is necessary to rear them artificially. Because climate, farming operations, and abuse of pesticides make it difficult to maintain sufficient numbers of C. It has received increasing attention as a bio-control agent due to its strong predatory ability against many important types of pests, including aphids, whiteflies, spider mites, leafhoppers, and psyllids. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a natural enemy of insect pests. The lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The sequence reads are available from the NCBI Institutional Data Access(SRA accession: PRJNA547368).įunding: This research was funded by the Agricultural Science and Technology Research Projects, Guizhou Province (grant numbers Qian 2012-3042 and Qian 2015-3014-1) and the Guizhou Scientific Research Institutions Enterprise Service Project (grant number Qian 2015-4012). Received: JAccepted: Published: August 17, 2020Ĭopyright: © 2020 Cheng et al. PLoS ONE 15(8):Įditor: Marc Robinson-Rechavi, Universite de Lausanne Faculte de biologie et medecine, SWITZERLAND These include at least 12 Coccinella species of which the sevenspotted lady beetle may be the most common.Citation: Cheng Y, Zhi J, Li F, Wang H, Zhou Y, Jin J (2020) Transcriptome sequencing of Coccinella septempunctata adults (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding on artificial diet and Aphis craccivora. ![]() SpeciesĪbout 150 species of lady beetles occur in California. Older larvae and adults chew prey and can consume the entire insect. Young lady beetle larvae usually pierce and suck the contents from their prey. Adults are good fliers and throughout the growing season readily migrate between plants and locations. Sevenspotted lady beetle can be found in almost any habitat where plants are infested with aphids. Sevenspotted lady beetle can have up to 5 generations per year. The species overwinters mostly as adults in protected places.Įgg to adult development time is about 6 weeks during the growing season. Reproduction stops when day length shortens. After hatching, larvae develop through four increasingly larger instars. The adult female lays about 200 to 300 eggs during her growing-season lifespan of about two months. Lady beetles develop through 4 life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The seven black spots on the wing covers and two white blotches on the front of the wing covers and sides of the head and thorax (six pale blotches overall) generally discriminate this species from other common lady beetles in California. Positive identification requires expert dissection and examination of male genitalia. ![]() Many aphid-feeding lady beetles are orangish with black spots. They are initially orange, but increasingly develop black blotches prior to adult emergence. Pupae are 1/4 inch (6 mm) long and glued to plant parts near where they fed as larvae. They resemble tiny alligators and are blackish, dark brown, or dark gray with orange or yellowish spots. Larvae develop through 4 increasingly larger instars and grow up to 1/3 inch (8 mm) long. They are laid on leaves or green stems, upright on their end and in clusters of about 10 to 30 eggs. ![]() The wing covers are orange or reddish with 7 black spots and white along the front margin, adjacent to the front, central, black spot.Įggs are spindle shaped, orange or yellowish, and about 1/25 inch (1 mm) long. The head and thorax are black both have 2 well-separated, white blotches, one on each side. The hard, shiny body is relatively large, almost 1/3 inch (8 mm) long and about 1/6 inch (4 mm) wide. The adult (also called a ladybug or ladybird beetle) is dome shaped (convex) on top, flat on the bottom, and round when viewed from above. Soft-bodied insects including leaf beetle larvae, mealybugs, psyllids, whiteflies, and especially aphids Identification ![]()
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